Football Violence Comprehension


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1. How long has there been an association between the game of football and violence?
2. Why was football banned in England for a time?
3. What type of initiatives did the Police within the UK undertake to try and reduce the threat of football hooliganism?
4. Violence at which specific game led to football hooliganism being taken more seriously across the whole of Europe?
5. Which game of football led eventually to the publication of the Taylor Report? What happened at the game in question?
6. What was the main recommendation of the Taylor Report?
7. As a result of all seater stadiums, did football violence increase or decrease? Why?
8. What was the main proposal of the Football Spectators Act in 1989?
9. What was the outcome of the Football Spectators Act and why?
10. Why is the Media presentation of football hooliganism so important?

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Answers:

1. Violence and Football have a long association, dating back to the origins of the game in China in 225 BC when soldiers played a game similar to football to exercise.

2. The sport of football was so popular that members of the army were not practicising their archery. Hence the English Monarch banned the game entirely.

3. The Police Force have used many different methods to try and prevent or curb football hooliganism. They have undertaken undercover operations to try and infiltrate the football gangs. They have also used CCTV and hand held video recorders extensively in order to record violence and use it as evidence in court. In addition they have increased the number of police at games and had certain individuals banned from stadiums to reduce the threat of football hooliganism.

4. The game was the European Cup Final in 1985 held in Heysel Stadium between Liverpool and Juventus. Unfortunately 39 Italian supporters died that night.

5. During an FA Cup Semi Final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest held at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, 96 fans died due to overcrowding. This was not a result of football hooliganism.

6. The main recommendation of the Taylor Report was to introduce all seater stadiums to all top division football grounds in England and Scotland.

7. Football violence within stadiums has decreased to almost zero since the introduction of all seater stadiums. This is because it is easier to manage spectators if all tickets are sold for a specific seat.

8. The main proposal of the Act was the introduction of Identity Cards and Membership Schemes for all football supporters and football clubs.

9.The Football Spectators Act was eventually dropped after severe opposition to the membership/ identity card scheme from clubs and police across the country. The Taylor Report also condemned the scheme which ensured that it would never be implemented.

10. The media's coverage of football hooliganism is very significant as it is the media that help construct the public's understanding and perception of the problem.